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Non-Transient Non-Community Water System · PWS ND2810954

Rainbow Energy Center

Underwood, North Dakota 58576 - drinking water served from surface water sources to 532 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.

532
People served
35
EPA violations
34
Health-based
Untested
UCMR5 result

The verdict

EPA records 35 drinking-water violations at Rainbow Energy Center, 97% of them health-based - below the North Dakota per-system average.

35
Total EPA violations on record
97%
Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
532
People served by this system
N/A
PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)

Water Quality Snapshot: Rainbow Energy Center

Rainbow Energy Center is a private-owned non-transient non-community water system that delivers drinking water to 532 residents in Underwood, North Dakota (McLean County) through 9 service connections. Its water is drawn from surface water sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 35 total violations for this system , of which 34 (97%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. The most recent violation on record dates to 2013.

The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is TTHM, recorded in 9 violations (MCL, health-based). This system has not yet been sampled under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program, so no PFAS detection data is available here.

Across North Dakota, EPA tracks 368 public water systems serving 712,349 people, with 13,624 cumulative violations and 2,673 health-based violations on record. About 94% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 37 violations. Statewide, 34 of 38 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (89.5%).

Rainbow Energy Center's 35 violations sit below the North Dakota average.

All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.

Population Served
532
Total Violations
35
Health-Based Violations
34
Water Source
Surface Water

System Details

System Type
Non-Transient Non-Community
Owner Type
Private
Connections
9
County
McLean
School/Daycare
No
MCL Violations
16
Monitoring Violations
0
Treatment Tech Violations
18

Violation History

Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.

Contaminant Category Count Latest
TTHM MCL 9 2011
Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule TT 8 2013
Surface Water Treatment Rule TT 6 2011
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule TT 4 2008
Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) MCL 4 2012
Arsenic MCL 3 1987

Verify This Water System

The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for Rainbow Energy Center.

Federal Source of Truth

EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:

View PWS ID ND2810954 on SDWIS

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search

State Regulator

North Dakota Drinking Water Authority

North Dakota's primacy agency administers the Safe Drinking Water Act locally. Search EPA SDWIS for the current state contact, or use the state's public health or environment department portal.

Find ND regulator via EPA SDWIS

Violation Timeline

Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.

Year (latest) Contaminant Category Count EPA Record
2013 Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule TT 8 SDWIS / ND2810954 / 0800
2012 Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) MCL 4 SDWIS / ND2810954 / 2456
2011 TTHM MCL 9 SDWIS / ND2810954 / 2950
2011 Surface Water Treatment Rule TT 6 SDWIS / ND2810954 / 0200
2008 Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule TT 4 SDWIS / ND2810954 / 0300
1987 Arsenic MCL 3 SDWIS / ND2810954 / 1005

How Rainbow Energy Center Compares

Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.

Metric Rainbow Energy Center North Dakota avg Federal benchmark
Total violations 35 37 SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach
Health-based violations 34 7.3 Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL
PFAS detection None 89.5% EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt
Population served 532 1,936 Sizing context for compliance burden

Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 368 regulated public water systems in North Dakota.

Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds ▼
Contaminant Federal MCL / Action Level Note
Lead 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique
Arsenic 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) Health-based MCL since 2006
Total Coliform Treatment technique (RTCR) Indicator organism, monitoring trigger
PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026)
Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Acute health risk for infants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Rainbow Energy Center water safe to drink? ▼
Rainbow Energy Center (PWS ID: ND2810954) has 35 recorded violations in the EPA SDWIS database. No PFAS contamination was detected in UCMR5 testing. This system serves 532 people using Surface Water sources.
How many people does Rainbow Energy Center serve? ▼
Rainbow Energy Center serves 532 people in Underwood, North Dakota. It is a Private-owned system using Surface Water water sources with 9 service connections.
What type of violations does Rainbow Energy Center have? ▼
Rainbow Energy Center has 35 total violations: 34 health-based violations (MCL exceedances or treatment failures), 0 monitoring/reporting violations, and 18 treatment technique violations. Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeded EPA safe limits.
Has PFAS been detected in Rainbow Energy Center water? ▼
No PFAS testing data is available for Rainbow Energy Center under the EPA's UCMR5 monitoring program.
What water source does Rainbow Energy Center use? ▼
Rainbow Energy Center uses Surface Water as its primary water source. It is classified as a Non-Transient Non-Community Water System, serving the same people for at least 6 months per year.
Where does this data come from? ▼
All data comes from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and the UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program. SDWIS tracks compliance for all public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Data Sources: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Q4 2025. This data is provided for informational purposes only.

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

Data sourced from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 PFAS monitoring data. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainWater Editorial

Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.