Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about drinking water quality data, PFAS, violations, and how PlainWater works.
Where does PlainWater get its data?
PlainWater draws from two EPA datasets: the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) - the federal compliance database for all public water systems, and the UCMR5 program, which provides PFAS 'forever chemical' testing data from 2023–2025.
What is a health-based violation?
Health-based violations are the most serious type, they indicate that a water system detected a contaminant above its Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) or failed a required Treatment Technique. These directly affect drinking water safety. Monitoring and reporting violations are less serious, they indicate scheduling or paperwork failures but don't necessarily mean the water contained harmful levels of contaminants.
What are PFAS and why do they matter?
PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a group of synthetic chemicals used in industrial and consumer products since the 1940s. They are called 'forever chemicals' because they do not break down naturally in the environment or the human body. Some PFAS are associated with health effects including certain cancers, immune system impacts, and thyroid disruption. EPA set Maximum Contaminant Levels for several PFAS in drinking water in 2024.
My water system shows old violations. Does that mean my water is unsafe now?
Not necessarily. SDWIS maintains a historical record of all violations. Older violations may have been addressed, the system may have been upgraded, or the violation may have been resolved through enforcement action. The violation history shows compliance patterns over time. For current water safety, contact your water utility directly and request the most recent Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), which utilities are required to provide annually.
Does PlainWater cover private wells?
No. PlainWater only covers public water systems as tracked by the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System. Private wells are not regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act and are not included in SDWIS. If you have a private well, contact your state health department for guidance on testing.
How do I find water quality data for my specific address?
Search for your city, county, or water system name. If you know your water utility's name, search for it directly. You can also look up your water system's 7-digit PWSID (Public Water System ID) if you have it from a previous water quality report.
What is the UCMR5 program?
UCMR5 (Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule) is an EPA program requiring public water systems serving 3,300+ people to test for 29 PFAS compounds and other emerging contaminants. Testing occurred from 2023 to 2025. Results are public record and help EPA determine whether new standards are needed.
How current is the data?
SDWIS data is updated quarterly from EPA's ECHO program. UCMR5 data covers testing results from 2023–2025. We update our database when new quarterly exports become available.