PlainWater
States → Virginia

Community Water System · PWS VA1167050

Castlewood - Rcpsa

Lebanon, Virginia 24266 - drinking water served from surface water sources to 5,565 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.

5,565
People served
175
EPA violations
8
Health-based
3 PFAS
UCMR5 result

The verdict

EPA records 175 drinking-water violations at Castlewood - Rcpsa, 5% of them health-based - above the Virginia per-system average, and UCMR5 testing detected 3 PFAS compounds.

175
Total EPA violations on record
5%
Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
5,565
People served by this system
3
PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)

Water Quality Snapshot: Castlewood - Rcpsa

Castlewood - Rcpsa is a local-owned community water system that delivers drinking water to 5,565 residents in Lebanon, Virginia (Russell County) through 1,827 service connections. Its water is drawn from surface water sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 175 total violations for this system , of which 8 (5%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. A further 153 monitoring and reporting violations are on file. The most recent violation on record dates to 2021.

The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is Coliform (TCR), recorded in 16 violations (MR). Under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program, 3 PFAS compounds were detected in samples collected from this system, with a maximum reported concentration of 14.3 ppt (parts per trillion). PFAS are persistent synthetic chemicals linked to health effects at very low exposure levels.

Across Virginia, EPA tracks 2,821 public water systems serving 7,911,199 people, with 146,670 cumulative violations and 25,642 health-based violations on record. About 90% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 52 violations. Statewide, 70 of 171 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (40.9%).

Castlewood - Rcpsa's 175 violations sit above the Virginia average.

All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.

PFAS Detected

3 PFAS "forever chemicals" detected in testing under EPA's UCMR5 monitoring program.

Population Served
5,565
Total Violations
175
Health-Based Violations
8
Water Source
Surface Water

System Details

System Type
Community
Owner Type
Local
Connections
1,827
County
Russell
School/Daycare
No
MCL Violations
8
Monitoring Violations
153
Treatment Tech Violations
0

Violation History

Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.

Contaminant Category Count Latest
Coliform (TCR) MR 16 2008
TTHM MR 12 2018
Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) MR 12 2018
Chlorine MR 12 2017
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule MR 8 2007
Coliform (TCR) MCL 8 2010
Nitrate MR 4 2002
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene MR 4 2009
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene MR 4 2009
Xylenes, Total MR 4 2009
DICHLOROMETHANE MR 4 2009
o-Dichlorobenzene MR 4 2009
p-Dichlorobenzene MR 4 2009
Vinyl chloride MR 4 2009
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene MR 4 2009
1,2-Dichloroethane MR 4 2009
1,1,1-Trichloroethane MR 4 2009
1,2-Dichloropropane MR 4 2009
Trichloroethylene MR 4 2009
Benzene MR 4 2009
Toluene MR 4 2009
Tetrachloroethylene MR 4 2009
Ethylbenzene MR 4 2009
Carbon tetrachloride MR 4 2009
CHLOROBENZENE MR 4 2009
1,1,2-Trichloroethane MR 4 2009
Styrene MR 4 2009
1,1-Dichloroethylene MR 4 2009
Revised Total Coliform Rule MON 3 2017
Lead and Copper Rule MR 2 2021

PFAS Testing Results (UCMR5)

Results from EPA's Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule. 3 of 232 samples detected PFAS.

Contaminant Date Result MRL Status
ADONA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBA 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
4:2 FTS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
8:2 FTS 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMPA 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFEESA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTrDA 9/25/2023 <7.00 ppt 7.00 ppt Not Detected
9Cl-PF3ONS 9/25/2023 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMBA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFNA 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
6:2 FTS 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
NFDHA 9/25/2023 <20.00 ppt 20.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTA 9/25/2023 <8.00 ppt 8.00 ppt Not Detected
NEtFOSAA 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
NMeFOSAA 9/25/2023 <6.00 ppt 6.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
11Cl-PF3OUdS 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOS 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOA 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDoA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFUnA 9/25/2023 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
HFPO-DA 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeS 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMPA 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
NMeFOSAA 9/25/2023 <6.00 ppt 6.00 ppt Not Detected
NEtFOSAA 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTrDA 9/25/2023 <7.00 ppt 7.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeS 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
NFDHA 9/25/2023 <20.00 ppt 20.00 ppt Not Detected
PFEESA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
8:2 FTS 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
4:2 FTS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
6:2 FTS 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBA 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
HFPO-DA 9/25/2023 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMBA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTA 9/25/2023 <8.00 ppt 8.00 ppt Not Detected
ADONA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpA 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxS 9/25/2023 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFNA 9/25/2023 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected

Verify This Water System

The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for Castlewood - Rcpsa.

Federal Source of Truth

EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:

View PWS ID VA1167050 on SDWIS

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search

State Regulator

Virginia Drinking Water Authority

Virginia Department of Health, Office of Drinking Water is the primacy agency that licenses and inspects Castlewood - Rcpsa under EPA-delegated authority.

Open VA regulator portal

Source: Virginia Department of Health, Office of Drinking Water

Violation Timeline

Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.

Year (latest) Contaminant Category Count EPA Record
2021 Lead and Copper Rule MR 2 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 5000
2020 Consumer Confidence Rule Other 2 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 7000
2018 TTHM MR 12 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2950
2018 Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) MR 12 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2456
2017 Chlorine MR 12 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 0999
2017 Revised Total Coliform Rule MON 3 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 8000
2010 Coliform (TCR) MCL 8 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 3100
2009 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2378
2009 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2380
2009 Xylenes, Total MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2955
2009 DICHLOROMETHANE MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2964
2009 o-Dichlorobenzene MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2968
2009 p-Dichlorobenzene MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2969
2009 Vinyl chloride MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2976
2009 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene MR 4 SDWIS / VA1167050 / 2979

How Castlewood - Rcpsa Compares

Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.

Metric Castlewood - Rcpsa Virginia avg Federal benchmark
Total violations 175 52 SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach
Health-based violations 8 9.1 Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL
PFAS detection 3 compounds 40.9% EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt
Population served 5,565 2,804 Sizing context for compliance burden

Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 2,821 regulated public water systems in Virginia.

Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds ▼
Contaminant Federal MCL / Action Level Note
Lead 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique
Arsenic 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) Health-based MCL since 2006
Total Coliform Treatment technique (RTCR) Indicator organism, monitoring trigger
PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026)
Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Acute health risk for infants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Castlewood - Rcpsa water safe to drink? ▼
Castlewood - Rcpsa (PWS ID: VA1167050) has 175 recorded violations in the EPA SDWIS database. PFAS contamination has been detected in UCMR5 testing, with 3 PFAS compounds found. This system serves 5,565 people using Surface Water sources.
How many people does Castlewood - Rcpsa serve? ▼
Castlewood - Rcpsa serves 5,565 people in Lebanon, Virginia. It is a Local-owned system using Surface Water water sources with 1,827 service connections.
What type of violations does Castlewood - Rcpsa have? ▼
Castlewood - Rcpsa has 175 total violations: 8 health-based violations (MCL exceedances or treatment failures), 153 monitoring/reporting violations, and 0 treatment technique violations. Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeded EPA safe limits.
Has PFAS been detected in Castlewood - Rcpsa water? ▼
Yes. UCMR5 testing detected 3 PFAS compounds in Castlewood - Rcpsa's water supply: PFPeA, PFBA, PFHxA. PFAS are persistent "forever chemicals" that do not break down in the environment.
What water source does Castlewood - Rcpsa use? ▼
Castlewood - Rcpsa uses Surface Water as its primary water source. It is classified as a Community Water System (CWS), serving residential populations year-round.
Where does this data come from? ▼
All data comes from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and the UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program. SDWIS tracks compliance for all public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Data Sources: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Q4 2025. PFAS data from EPA UCMR5 monitoring program (2023-2025). This data is provided for informational purposes only.

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

Data sourced from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 PFAS monitoring data. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainWater Editorial

Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.