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Community Water System · PWS SD4600915

Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners

Black Hawk, South Dakota 57718 - drinking water served from groundwater sources to 65 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.

65
People served
52
EPA violations
28
Health-based
Untested
UCMR5 result

The verdict

EPA records 52 drinking-water violations at Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners, 54% of them health-based - below the South Dakota per-system average.

52
Total EPA violations on record
54%
Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
65
People served by this system
N/A
PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)

Water Quality Snapshot: Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners

Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners is a private-owned community water system that delivers drinking water to 65 residents in Black Hawk, South Dakota (Meade County) through 28 service connections. Its water is drawn from groundwater sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 52 total violations for this system , of which 28 (54%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. A further 24 monitoring and reporting violations are on file. The most recent violation on record dates to 2010.

The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is Coliform (TCR), recorded in 14 violations (MCL, health-based). This system has not yet been sampled under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program, so no PFAS detection data is available here.

Across South Dakota, EPA tracks 654 public water systems serving 915,901 people, with 56,254 cumulative violations and 8,399 health-based violations on record. About 92% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 86 violations. Statewide, 42 of 49 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (85.7%).

Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners's 52 violations sit below the South Dakota average.

All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.

Population Served
65
Total Violations
52
Health-Based Violations
28
Water Source
Groundwater

System Details

System Type
Community
Owner Type
Private
Connections
28
County
Meade
School/Daycare
No
MCL Violations
26
Monitoring Violations
24
Treatment Tech Violations
2

Violation History

Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.

Contaminant Category Count Latest
Coliform (TCR) MCL 14 2000
Selenium MCL 12 1999
Coliform (TCR) MR 6 2000
Lead and Copper Rule MR 6 1996
2,4,5-TP MR 2 1996
2,4-D MR 2 1996
Dinoseb MR 2 1996
Picloram MR 2 1996
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule TT 2 2010
Dalapon MR 2 1996
Pentachlorophenol MR 2 1996

Verify This Water System

The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners.

Federal Source of Truth

EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:

View PWS ID SD4600915 on SDWIS

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search

State Regulator

South Dakota Drinking Water Authority

South Dakota's primacy agency administers the Safe Drinking Water Act locally. Search EPA SDWIS for the current state contact, or use the state's public health or environment department portal.

Find SD regulator via EPA SDWIS

Violation Timeline

Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.

Year (latest) Contaminant Category Count EPA Record
2010 Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule TT 2 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 0400
2000 Coliform (TCR) MCL 14 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 3100
2000 Coliform (TCR) MR 6 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 3100
1999 Selenium MCL 12 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 1045
1996 Lead and Copper Rule MR 6 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 5000
1996 2,4,5-TP MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 2110
1996 2,4-D MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 2105
1996 Dinoseb MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 2041
1996 Picloram MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 2040
1996 Dalapon MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 2031
1996 Pentachlorophenol MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600915 / 2326

How Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners Compares

Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.

Metric Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners South Dakota avg Federal benchmark
Total violations 52 86 SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach
Health-based violations 28 12.8 Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL
PFAS detection None 85.7% EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt
Population served 65 1,400 Sizing context for compliance burden

Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 654 regulated public water systems in South Dakota.

Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds ▼
Contaminant Federal MCL / Action Level Note
Lead 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique
Arsenic 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) Health-based MCL since 2006
Total Coliform Treatment technique (RTCR) Indicator organism, monitoring trigger
PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026)
Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Acute health risk for infants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners water safe to drink? ▼
Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners (PWS ID: SD4600915) has 52 recorded violations in the EPA SDWIS database. No PFAS contamination was detected in UCMR5 testing. This system serves 65 people using Groundwater sources.
How many people does Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners serve? ▼
Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners serves 65 people in Black Hawk, South Dakota. It is a Private-owned system using Groundwater water sources with 28 service connections.
What type of violations does Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners have? ▼
Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners has 52 total violations: 28 health-based violations (MCL exceedances or treatment failures), 24 monitoring/reporting violations, and 2 treatment technique violations. Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeded EPA safe limits.
Has PFAS been detected in Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners water? ▼
No PFAS testing data is available for Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners under the EPA's UCMR5 monitoring program.
What water source does Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners use? ▼
Crooked Oaks Canyon Homeowners uses Groundwater as its primary water source. It is classified as a Community Water System (CWS), serving residential populations year-round.
Where does this data come from? ▼
All data comes from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and the UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program. SDWIS tracks compliance for all public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Data Sources: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Q4 2025. This data is provided for informational purposes only.

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

Data sourced from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 PFAS monitoring data. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainWater Editorial

Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.