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Community Water System · PWS SD4600392

D & E Water Company

Black Hawk, South Dakota 57718 - drinking water served from groundwater sources to 100 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.

100
People served
87
EPA violations
9
Health-based
Untested
UCMR5 result

The verdict

EPA records 87 drinking-water violations at D & E Water Company, 10% of them health-based - above the South Dakota per-system average.

87
Total EPA violations on record
10%
Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
100
People served by this system
N/A
PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)

Water Quality Snapshot: D & E Water Company

D & E Water Company is a private-owned community water system that delivers drinking water to 100 residents in Black Hawk, South Dakota (Lawrence County) through 40 service connections. Its water is drawn from groundwater sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 87 total violations for this system , of which 9 (10%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. A further 67 monitoring and reporting violations are on file. The most recent violation on record dates to 2010.

The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is Chlorine, recorded in 23 violations (MR). This system has not yet been sampled under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program, so no PFAS detection data is available here.

Across South Dakota, EPA tracks 654 public water systems serving 915,901 people, with 56,254 cumulative violations and 8,399 health-based violations on record. About 92% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 86 violations. Statewide, 42 of 49 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (85.7%).

D & E Water Company's 87 violations sit above the South Dakota average.

All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.

Population Served
100
Total Violations
87
Health-Based Violations
9
Water Source
Groundwater

System Details

System Type
Community
Owner Type
Private
Connections
40
County
Lawrence
School/Daycare
No
MCL Violations
5
Monitoring Violations
67
Treatment Tech Violations
4

Violation History

Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.

Contaminant Category Count Latest
Chlorine MR 23 2006
Lead and Copper Rule MR 10 2000
Coliform (TCR) MR 8 1997
Coliform (TCR) MCL 5 2010
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule TT 4 2006
Arsenic MR 2 1991
Fluoride MR 2 1991
Mercury MR 2 1991
Antimony, Total MR 2 1991
Beryllium, Total MR 2 1991
Nickel MR 2 1991
Thallium, Total MR 2 1991
Selenium MR 2 1991
Consumer Confidence Rule Other 2 2001
Cadmium MR 2 1991
Barium MR 2 1991
Nitrate MR 2 1993
Chromium MR 2 1991
Combined Radium (-226 and -228) MR 1 1976
Lead and Copper Rule Other 1 2001
Gross Alpha, Excl. Radon and U MR 1 1976
Coliform (TCR) Other 1 1997

Verify This Water System

The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for D & E Water Company.

Federal Source of Truth

EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:

View PWS ID SD4600392 on SDWIS

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search

State Regulator

South Dakota Drinking Water Authority

South Dakota's primacy agency administers the Safe Drinking Water Act locally. Search EPA SDWIS for the current state contact, or use the state's public health or environment department portal.

Find SD regulator via EPA SDWIS

Violation Timeline

Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.

Year (latest) Contaminant Category Count EPA Record
2010 Coliform (TCR) MCL 5 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 3100
2006 Chlorine MR 23 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 0999
2006 Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule TT 4 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 0400
2001 Consumer Confidence Rule Other 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 7000
2001 Lead and Copper Rule Other 1 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 5000
2000 Lead and Copper Rule MR 10 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 5000
1997 Coliform (TCR) MR 8 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 3100
1997 Coliform (TCR) Other 1 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 3100
1993 Nitrate MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 1040
1991 Arsenic MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 1005
1991 Fluoride MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 1025
1991 Mercury MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 1035
1991 Antimony, Total MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 1074
1991 Beryllium, Total MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 1075
1991 Nickel MR 2 SDWIS / SD4600392 / 1036

How D & E Water Company Compares

Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.

Metric D & E Water Company South Dakota avg Federal benchmark
Total violations 87 86 SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach
Health-based violations 9 12.8 Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL
PFAS detection None 85.7% EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt
Population served 100 1,400 Sizing context for compliance burden

Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 654 regulated public water systems in South Dakota.

Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds ▼
Contaminant Federal MCL / Action Level Note
Lead 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique
Arsenic 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) Health-based MCL since 2006
Total Coliform Treatment technique (RTCR) Indicator organism, monitoring trigger
PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026)
Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Acute health risk for infants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is D & E Water Company water safe to drink? ▼
D & E Water Company (PWS ID: SD4600392) has 87 recorded violations in the EPA SDWIS database. No PFAS contamination was detected in UCMR5 testing. This system serves 100 people using Groundwater sources.
How many people does D & E Water Company serve? ▼
D & E Water Company serves 100 people in Black Hawk, South Dakota. It is a Private-owned system using Groundwater water sources with 40 service connections.
What type of violations does D & E Water Company have? ▼
D & E Water Company has 87 total violations: 9 health-based violations (MCL exceedances or treatment failures), 67 monitoring/reporting violations, and 4 treatment technique violations. Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeded EPA safe limits.
Has PFAS been detected in D & E Water Company water? ▼
No PFAS testing data is available for D & E Water Company under the EPA's UCMR5 monitoring program.
What water source does D & E Water Company use? ▼
D & E Water Company uses Groundwater as its primary water source. It is classified as a Community Water System (CWS), serving residential populations year-round.
Where does this data come from? ▼
All data comes from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and the UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program. SDWIS tracks compliance for all public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Data Sources: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Q4 2025. This data is provided for informational purposes only.

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

Data sourced from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 PFAS monitoring data. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainWater Editorial

Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.