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Community Water System · PWS SD4600119

Estelline

Estelline, South Dakota 57234 - drinking water served from groundwater sources to 749 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.

749
People served
205
EPA violations
67
Health-based
Untested
UCMR5 result

The verdict

EPA records 205 drinking-water violations at Estelline, 33% of them health-based - above the South Dakota per-system average.

205
Total EPA violations on record
33%
Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
749
People served by this system
N/A
PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)

Water Quality Snapshot: Estelline

Estelline is a local-owned community water system that delivers drinking water to 749 residents in Estelline, South Dakota (Hamlin County) through 325 service connections. Its water is drawn from groundwater sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 205 total violations for this system , of which 67 (33%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. A further 109 monitoring and reporting violations are on file. The most recent violation on record dates to 2023.

The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is Coliform (TCR), recorded in 33 violations (MCL, health-based). This system has not yet been sampled under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program, so no PFAS detection data is available here.

Across South Dakota, EPA tracks 654 public water systems serving 915,901 people, with 56,254 cumulative violations and 8,399 health-based violations on record. About 92% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 86 violations. Statewide, 42 of 49 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (85.7%).

Estelline's 205 violations sit above the South Dakota average.

All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.

Population Served
749
Total Violations
205
Health-Based Violations
67
Water Source
Groundwater

System Details

System Type
Community
Owner Type
Local
Connections
325
County
Hamlin
School/Daycare
No
MCL Violations
65
Monitoring Violations
109
Treatment Tech Violations
2

Violation History

Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.

Contaminant Category Count Latest
Coliform (TCR) MCL 33 2005
Nitrate MCL 32 2007
Nitrate MR 15 2019
Coliform (TCR) MR 11 2005
Aldicarb MR 3 1999
Aldicarb sulfone MR 3 1999
Dalapon MR 3 1999
Dinoseb MR 3 1999
2,4,5-TP MR 3 1999
Pentachlorophenol MR 3 1999
Coliform (TCR) Other 3 1997
Picloram MR 3 1999
Glyphosate MR 3 1999
Aldicarb sulfoxide MR 3 1999
Carbofuran MR 3 1999
2,4-D MR 3 1999
OXAMYL MR 3 1999
Lead and Copper Rule MR 3 1993
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule TT 2 2023
Vinyl chloride MR 2 1999
1,1,1-Trichloroethane MR 2 1999
Ethylbenzene MR 2 1999
Xylenes, Total MR 2 1999
CHLOROBENZENE MR 2 1999
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene MR 2 1999
1,2-Dichloropropane MR 2 1999
p-Dichlorobenzene MR 2 1999
Trichloroethylene MR 2 1999
Styrene MR 2 1999
1,2-Dichloroethane MR 2 1999

Verify This Water System

The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for Estelline.

Federal Source of Truth

EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:

View PWS ID SD4600119 on SDWIS

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search

State Regulator

South Dakota Drinking Water Authority

South Dakota's primacy agency administers the Safe Drinking Water Act locally. Search EPA SDWIS for the current state contact, or use the state's public health or environment department portal.

Find SD regulator via EPA SDWIS

Violation Timeline

Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.

Year (latest) Contaminant Category Count EPA Record
2023 Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule TT 2 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 0400
2019 Nitrate MR 15 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 1040
2007 Nitrate MCL 32 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 1040
2005 Coliform (TCR) MCL 33 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 3100
2005 Coliform (TCR) MR 11 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 3100
1999 Aldicarb MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2047
1999 Aldicarb sulfone MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2044
1999 Dalapon MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2031
1999 Dinoseb MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2041
1999 2,4,5-TP MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2110
1999 Pentachlorophenol MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2326
1999 Picloram MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2040
1999 Glyphosate MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2034
1999 Aldicarb sulfoxide MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2043
1999 Carbofuran MR 3 SDWIS / SD4600119 / 2046

How Estelline Compares

Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.

Metric Estelline South Dakota avg Federal benchmark
Total violations 205 86 SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach
Health-based violations 67 12.8 Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL
PFAS detection None 85.7% EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt
Population served 749 1,400 Sizing context for compliance burden

Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 654 regulated public water systems in South Dakota.

Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds ▼
Contaminant Federal MCL / Action Level Note
Lead 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique
Arsenic 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) Health-based MCL since 2006
Total Coliform Treatment technique (RTCR) Indicator organism, monitoring trigger
PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026)
Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Acute health risk for infants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Estelline water safe to drink? ▼
Estelline (PWS ID: SD4600119) has 205 recorded violations in the EPA SDWIS database. No PFAS contamination was detected in UCMR5 testing. This system serves 749 people using Groundwater sources.
How many people does Estelline serve? ▼
Estelline serves 749 people in Estelline, South Dakota. It is a Local-owned system using Groundwater water sources with 325 service connections.
What type of violations does Estelline have? ▼
Estelline has 205 total violations: 67 health-based violations (MCL exceedances or treatment failures), 109 monitoring/reporting violations, and 2 treatment technique violations. Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeded EPA safe limits.
Has PFAS been detected in Estelline water? ▼
No PFAS testing data is available for Estelline under the EPA's UCMR5 monitoring program.
What water source does Estelline use? ▼
Estelline uses Groundwater as its primary water source. It is classified as a Community Water System (CWS), serving residential populations year-round.
Where does this data come from? ▼
All data comes from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and the UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program. SDWIS tracks compliance for all public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Data Sources: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Q4 2025. This data is provided for informational purposes only.

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

Data sourced from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 PFAS monitoring data. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainWater Editorial

Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.