Non-Transient Non-Community Water System · PWS MT0001398
Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31
Cardwell, Montana 59721 - drinking water served from groundwater sources to 63 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.
- 63
- People served
- 125
- EPA violations
- 5
- Health-based
- Untested
- UCMR5 result
The verdict
EPA records 125 drinking-water violations at Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31, 4% of them health-based - below the Montana per-system average.
- 125
- Total EPA violations on record
- 4%
- Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
- 63
- People served by this system
- N/A
- PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)
Water Quality Snapshot: Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31
Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 is a state-owned non-transient non-community water system that delivers drinking water to 63 residents in Cardwell, Montana (Jefferson County) through 1 service connections. Its water is drawn from groundwater sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 125 total violations for this system , of which 5 (4%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. A further 115 monitoring and reporting violations are on file. The most recent violation on record dates to 2025.
The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is Coliform (TCR), recorded in 24 violations (MR). This system has not yet been sampled under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program, so no PFAS detection data is available here.
Across Montana, EPA tracks 2,263 public water systems serving 1,112,267 people, with 297,270 cumulative violations and 25,922 health-based violations on record. About 95% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 131.4 violations. Statewide, 28 of 45 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (62.2%).
Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31's 125 violations sit below the Montana average.
All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.
System Details
- System Type
- Non-Transient Non-Community
- Owner Type
- State
- Connections
- 1
- County
- Jefferson
- School/Daycare
- Yes
- MCL Violations
- 2
- Monitoring Violations
- 115
- Treatment Tech Violations
- 3
Violation History
Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.
| Contaminant | Category | Count | Latest |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coliform (TCR) | MR | 24 | 2012 |
| Lead and Copper Rule | MR | 12 | 2025 |
| TTHM | MR | 12 | 2019 |
| Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) | MR | 12 | 2019 |
| Revised Total Coliform Rule | MON | 9 | 2019 |
| E. COLI | MR | 5 | 2013 |
| Nitrate-Nitrite | MR | 4 | 2017 |
| Cadmium | MR | 4 | 2014 |
| Nitrate | MR | 3 | 1997 |
| Arsenic | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Barium | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Chromium | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Fluoride | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Mercury | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Nickel | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Antimony, Total | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Beryllium, Total | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Thallium, Total | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Selenium | MR | 3 | 2014 |
| Revised Total Coliform Rule | RPT | 3 | 2018 |
| Revised Total Coliform Rule | TT | 3 | 2024 |
| Coliform (TCR) | MCL | 2 | 1992 |
Verify This Water System
The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31.
EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports
EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:
View PWS ID MT0001398 on SDWISSource: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search
Montana Drinking Water Authority
Montana's primacy agency administers the Safe Drinking Water Act locally. Search EPA SDWIS for the current state contact, or use the state's public health or environment department portal.
Find MT regulator via EPA SDWISViolation Timeline
Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.
| Year (latest) | Contaminant | Category | Count | EPA Record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Lead and Copper Rule | MR | 12 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 5000 |
| 2024 | Revised Total Coliform Rule | TT | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 8000 |
| 2019 | TTHM | MR | 12 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 2950 |
| 2019 | Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) | MR | 12 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 2456 |
| 2019 | Revised Total Coliform Rule | MON | 9 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 8000 |
| 2018 | Revised Total Coliform Rule | RPT | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 8000 |
| 2017 | Nitrate-Nitrite | MR | 4 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1038 |
| 2014 | Cadmium | MR | 4 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1015 |
| 2014 | Arsenic | MR | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1005 |
| 2014 | Barium | MR | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1010 |
| 2014 | Chromium | MR | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1020 |
| 2014 | Fluoride | MR | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1025 |
| 2014 | Mercury | MR | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1035 |
| 2014 | Nickel | MR | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1036 |
| 2014 | Antimony, Total | MR | 3 | SDWIS / MT0001398 / 1074 |
How Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 Compares
Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.
| Metric | Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 | Montana avg | Federal benchmark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total violations | 125 | 131.4 | SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach |
| Health-based violations | 5 | 11.5 | Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL |
| PFAS detection | None | 62.2% | EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt |
| Population served | 63 | 492 | Sizing context for compliance burden |
Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 2,263 regulated public water systems in Montana.
Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds ▼
| Contaminant | Federal MCL / Action Level | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Lead | 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) | Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique |
| Arsenic | 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) | Health-based MCL since 2006 |
| Total Coliform | Treatment technique (RTCR) | Indicator organism, monitoring trigger |
| PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) | 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) | Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026) |
| Nitrate (as N) | 10 mg/L | Acute health risk for infants |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 water safe to drink? ▼
How many people does Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 serve? ▼
What type of violations does Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 have? ▼
Has PFAS been detected in Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 water? ▼
What water source does Cardwell School Dist 16 and 31 use? ▼
Where does this data come from? ▼
Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.
Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.