PlainWater

Community Water System · PWS MI0003342

Independence Township

Clarkston, Michigan 48346 - drinking water served from groundwater sources to 11,790 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.

11,790
People served
36
EPA violations
12
Health-based
8 PFAS
UCMR5 result

The verdict

EPA records 36 drinking-water violations at Independence Township, 33% of them health-based - above the Michigan per-system average, and UCMR5 testing detected 8 PFAS compounds.

36
Total EPA violations on record
33%
Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
11,790
People served by this system
8
PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)

Water Quality Snapshot: Independence Township

Independence Township is a local-owned community water system that delivers drinking water to 11,790 residents in Clarkston, Michigan (Oakland County) through 5,100 service connections. Its water is drawn from groundwater sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 36 total violations for this system , of which 12 (33%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. A further 23 monitoring and reporting violations are on file. The most recent violation on record dates to 2020.

The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is Coliform (TCR), recorded in 12 violations (MCL, health-based). Under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program, 8 PFAS compounds were detected in samples collected from this system, with a maximum reported concentration of 30 ppt (parts per trillion). PFAS are persistent synthetic chemicals linked to health effects at very low exposure levels.

Across Michigan, EPA tracks 10,959 public water systems serving 9,098,093 people, with 255,201 cumulative violations and 31,467 health-based violations on record. About 86% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 23.3 violations. Statewide, 87 of 318 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (27.4%).

Independence Township's 36 violations sit above the Michigan average.

All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.

PFAS Detected

8 PFAS "forever chemicals" detected in testing under EPA's UCMR5 monitoring program.

Population Served
11,790
Total Violations
36
Health-Based Violations
12
Water Source
Groundwater

System Details

System Type
Community
Owner Type
Local
Connections
5,100
County
Oakland
School/Daycare
No
MCL Violations
12
Monitoring Violations
23
Treatment Tech Violations
0

Violation History

Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.

Contaminant Category Count Latest
Coliform (TCR) MCL 12 2005
Coliform (TCR) MR 10 2012
E. COLI MR 4 2012
Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) MR 3 2020
Revised Total Coliform Rule MON 3 2020
TTHM MR 3 2020
Consumer Confidence Rule Other 1 2001

PFAS Testing Results (UCMR5)

Results from EPA's Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule. 17 of 348 samples detected PFAS.

Contaminant Date Result MRL Status
PFNA 9/17/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
6:2 FTS 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTA 9/17/2024 <8.00 ppt 8.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxS 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOS 9/17/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOA 9/17/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDoA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFUnA 9/17/2024 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
11Cl-PF3OUdS 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
9Cl-PF3ONS 9/17/2024 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
ADONA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBA 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFEESA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTrDA 9/17/2024 <7.00 ppt 7.00 ppt Not Detected
NEtFOSAA 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
NMeFOSAA 9/17/2024 <6.00 ppt 6.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpS 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
HFPO-DA 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
NFDHA 9/17/2024 <20.00 ppt 20.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBS 9/17/2024 5.50 ppt 3.00 ppt Detected
PFMBA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMPA 9/17/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
8:2 FTS 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
4:2 FTS 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeS 9/17/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeA 9/17/2024 5.90 ppt 3.00 ppt Detected
ADONA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
HFPO-DA 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBA 9/17/2024 5.60 ppt 5.00 ppt Detected
6:2 FTS 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
4:2 FTS 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
8:2 FTS 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpS 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMPA 9/17/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMBA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFEESA 9/17/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
NFDHA 9/17/2024 <20.00 ppt 20.00 ppt Not Detected
9Cl-PF3ONS 9/17/2024 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxS 9/17/2024 30.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Detected
PFNA 9/17/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTA 9/17/2024 <8.00 ppt 8.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTrDA 9/17/2024 <7.00 ppt 7.00 ppt Not Detected
NEtFOSAA 9/17/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
NMeFOSAA 9/17/2024 <6.00 ppt 6.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBS 9/17/2024 6.70 ppt 3.00 ppt Detected
PFOS 9/17/2024 10.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Detected

Verify This Water System

The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for Independence Township.

Federal Source of Truth

EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:

View PWS ID MI0003342 on SDWIS

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search

State Regulator

Michigan Drinking Water Authority

Michigan EGLE, Drinking Water and Environmental Health Division is the primacy agency that licenses and inspects Independence Township under EPA-delegated authority.

Open MI regulator portal

Source: Michigan EGLE, Drinking Water and Environmental Health Division

Violation Timeline

Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.

Year (latest) Contaminant Category Count EPA Record
2020 Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) MR 3 SDWIS / MI0003342 / 2456
2020 Revised Total Coliform Rule MON 3 SDWIS / MI0003342 / 8000
2020 TTHM MR 3 SDWIS / MI0003342 / 2950
2012 Coliform (TCR) MR 10 SDWIS / MI0003342 / 3100
2012 E. COLI MR 4 SDWIS / MI0003342 / 3014
2005 Coliform (TCR) MCL 12 SDWIS / MI0003342 / 3100
2001 Consumer Confidence Rule Other 1 SDWIS / MI0003342 / 7000

How Independence Township Compares

Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.

Metric Independence Township Michigan avg Federal benchmark
Total violations 36 23.3 SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach
Health-based violations 12 2.9 Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL
PFAS detection 8 compounds 27.4% EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt
Population served 11,790 830 Sizing context for compliance burden

Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 10,959 regulated public water systems in Michigan.

Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds
Contaminant Federal MCL / Action Level Note
Lead 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique
Arsenic 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) Health-based MCL since 2006
Total Coliform Treatment technique (RTCR) Indicator organism, monitoring trigger
PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026)
Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Acute health risk for infants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Independence Township water safe to drink?
Independence Township (PWS ID: MI0003342) has 36 recorded violations in the EPA SDWIS database. PFAS contamination has been detected in UCMR5 testing, with 8 PFAS compounds found. This system serves 11,790 people using Groundwater sources.
How many people does Independence Township serve?
Independence Township serves 11,790 people in Clarkston, Michigan. It is a Local-owned system using Groundwater water sources with 5,100 service connections.
What type of violations does Independence Township have?
Independence Township has 36 total violations: 12 health-based violations (MCL exceedances or treatment failures), 23 monitoring/reporting violations, and 0 treatment technique violations. Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeded EPA safe limits.
Has PFAS been detected in Independence Township water?
Yes. UCMR5 testing detected 8 PFAS compounds in Independence Township's water supply: PFBS, PFPeA, PFBA, PFHxS, PFOS, and others. PFAS are persistent "forever chemicals" that do not break down in the environment.
What water source does Independence Township use?
Independence Township uses Groundwater as its primary water source. It is classified as a Community Water System (CWS), serving residential populations year-round.
Where does this data come from?
All data comes from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and the UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program. SDWIS tracks compliance for all public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Data Sources: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Q4 2025. PFAS data from EPA UCMR5 monitoring program (2023-2025). This data is provided for informational purposes only.
Data sourced from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 PFAS monitoring data. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainWater Editorial

Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.