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Community Water System · PWS HI0000400

Lihue-Kapaa

Lihue, Hawaii 96766-5706 - drinking water served from surface water sources to 34,854 people, tracked in EPA SDWIS and UCMR5.

34,854
People served
37
EPA violations
0
Health-based
No PFAS
UCMR5 result

The verdict

EPA records 37 drinking-water violations at Lihue-Kapaa - below the Hawaii per-system average.

37
Total EPA violations on record
0%
Health-based (MCL / treatment failure)
34,854
People served by this system
0
PFAS compounds detected (UCMR5)

Water Quality Snapshot: Lihue-Kapaa

Lihue-Kapaa is a local-owned community water system that delivers drinking water to 34,854 residents in Lihue, Hawaii (Kauai County) through 11,482 service connections. Its water is drawn from surface water sources. EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System records 37 total violations for this system , of which 0 (0%) are health-based, meaning a contaminant exceeded an EPA Maximum Contaminant Level or a required treatment technique failed. A further 21 monitoring and reporting violations are on file. The most recent violation on record dates to 2018.

The most frequently cited contaminant at this system is Gross Alpha, Excl. Radon and U, recorded in 5 violations (MR). This system was sampled under EPA's UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program and no PFAS compounds were detected above the minimum reporting level.

Across Hawaii, EPA tracks 137 public water systems serving 1,520,931 people, with 5,234 cumulative violations and 2,289 health-based violations on record. About 80% of systems in the state carry at least one violation, and state-wide the average per system is 38.2 violations. Statewide, 2 of 45 UCMR5-tested systems have reported PFAS detections (4.4%).

Lihue-Kapaa's 37 violations sit below the Hawaii average.

All figures above are sourced directly from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 public data releases and are updated as EPA publishes new reporting cycles.

Population Served
34,854
Total Violations
37
Health-Based Violations
0
Water Source
Surface Water

System Details

System Type
Community
Owner Type
Local
Connections
11,482
County
Kauai
School/Daycare
No
MCL Violations
0
Monitoring Violations
21
Treatment Tech Violations
0

Violation History

Contaminant violations recorded by EPA.

Contaminant Category Count Latest
Gross Alpha, Excl. Radon and U MR 5 2004
Radium-226 MR 3 2004
Radium-228 MR 3 2004
E. COLI MR 3 2018
Turbidity MR 3 2018
Cryptosporidium MR 3 2018
Lead and Copper Rule MR 1 1992

PFAS Testing Results (UCMR5)

Results from EPA's Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule. 0 of 1044 samples detected PFAS.

Contaminant Date Result MRL Status
PFHpA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBS 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpS 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeS 7/16/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
NFDHA 7/16/2024 <20.00 ppt 20.00 ppt Not Detected
PFEESA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMBA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxS 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
8:2 FTS 7/16/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
9Cl-PF3ONS 7/16/2024 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMPA 7/16/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFNA 7/16/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOS 7/16/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOA 7/16/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDoA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
11Cl-PF3OUdS 7/16/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
ADONA 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
HFPO-DA 7/16/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBA 7/16/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
6:2 FTS 7/16/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
4:2 FTS 7/16/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
NMeFOSAA 7/16/2024 <6.00 ppt 6.00 ppt Not Detected
PFUnA 7/16/2024 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTrDA 7/16/2024 <7.00 ppt 7.00 ppt Not Detected
NEtFOSAA 7/16/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTA 7/16/2024 <8.00 ppt 8.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxA 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMBA 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFPeA 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFMPA 4/9/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
8:2 FTS 4/9/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
6:2 FTS 4/9/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
HFPO-DA 4/9/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
ADONA 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
9Cl-PF3ONS 4/9/2024 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
PFUnA 4/9/2024 <2.00 ppt 2.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDoA 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFDA 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOA 4/9/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFOS 4/9/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFNA 4/9/2024 <4.00 ppt 4.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHpA 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
NEtFOSAA 4/9/2024 <5.00 ppt 5.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTrDA 4/9/2024 <7.00 ppt 7.00 ppt Not Detected
PFTA 4/9/2024 <8.00 ppt 8.00 ppt Not Detected
PFBS 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected
PFHxS 4/9/2024 <3.00 ppt 3.00 ppt Not Detected

Verify This Water System

The figures above are aggregated from EPA's public databases. To verify the underlying records, or to file a complaint, request a Consumer Confidence Report, or check current monitoring status, go directly to the federal and state regulators that enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act for Lihue-Kapaa.

Federal Source of Truth

EPA SDWIS, Federal Reports

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) holds the federal compliance record for every regulated public water system. Open the system-level report by PWS ID:

View PWS ID HI0000400 on SDWIS

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Reports Search

State Regulator

Hawaii Drinking Water Authority

Hawaii's primacy agency administers the Safe Drinking Water Act locally. Search EPA SDWIS for the current state contact, or use the state's public health or environment department portal.

Find HI regulator via EPA SDWIS

Violation Timeline

Each row links to the EPA SDWIS public record for verification. Cross-reference the contaminant code on EPA's federal report to see violation dates, return-to-compliance status, and enforcement actions.

Year (latest) Contaminant Category Count EPA Record
2018 E. COLI MR 3 SDWIS / HI0000400 / 3014
2018 Turbidity MR 3 SDWIS / HI0000400 / 0100
2018 Cryptosporidium MR 3 SDWIS / HI0000400 / 3015
2004 Gross Alpha, Excl. Radon and U MR 5 SDWIS / HI0000400 / 4000
2004 Radium-226 MR 3 SDWIS / HI0000400 / 4020
2004 Radium-228 MR 3 SDWIS / HI0000400 / 4030
1992 Lead and Copper Rule MR 1 SDWIS / HI0000400 / 5000

How Lihue-Kapaa Compares

Cross-reference this system's record against state averages and the federal MCL framework for context.

Metric Lihue-Kapaa Hawaii avg Federal benchmark
Total violations 37 38.2 SDWA compliance, any non-zero count is a recorded breach
Health-based violations 0 16.7 Indicates a contaminant exceeded a federal MCL
PFAS detection None 4.4% EPA final rule (2024): PFOA/PFOS MCL = 4.0 ppt
Population served 34,854 11,102 Sizing context for compliance burden

Sources: EPA SDWIS and EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141). State averages computed across 137 regulated public water systems in Hawaii.

Federal MCL reference, Safe Drinking Water Act thresholds
Contaminant Federal MCL / Action Level Note
Lead 0 mg/L (Action Level: 0.015 mg/L) Lead and Copper Rule treatment technique
Arsenic 0.010 mg/L (10 ppb) Health-based MCL since 2006
Total Coliform Treatment technique (RTCR) Indicator organism, monitoring trigger
PFOA / PFOS (PFAS) 4.0 ppt each (final 2024 rule) Compliance deadline 2029 (EPA proposed extending to 2031, not yet final as of May 2026)
Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Acute health risk for infants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Lihue-Kapaa water safe to drink?
Lihue-Kapaa (PWS ID: HI0000400) has 37 recorded violations in the EPA SDWIS database. No PFAS contamination was detected in UCMR5 testing. This system serves 34,854 people using Surface Water sources.
How many people does Lihue-Kapaa serve?
Lihue-Kapaa serves 34,854 people in Lihue, Hawaii. It is a Local-owned system using Surface Water water sources with 11,482 service connections.
What type of violations does Lihue-Kapaa have?
Lihue-Kapaa has 37 total violations: 0 health-based violations (MCL exceedances or treatment failures), 21 monitoring/reporting violations, and 0 treatment technique violations. Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeded EPA safe limits.
Has PFAS been detected in Lihue-Kapaa water?
No. Lihue-Kapaa was tested for PFAS under the EPA's UCMR5 monitoring program and no PFAS contamination was detected.
What water source does Lihue-Kapaa use?
Lihue-Kapaa uses Surface Water as its primary water source. It is classified as a Community Water System (CWS), serving residential populations year-round.
Where does this data come from?
All data comes from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and the UCMR5 PFAS monitoring program. SDWIS tracks compliance for all public water systems regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Data Sources: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Q4 2025. PFAS data from EPA UCMR5 monitoring program (2023-2025). This data is provided for informational purposes only.
Data sourced from EPA SDWIS and UCMR5 PFAS monitoring data. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainWater Editorial

Every figure on PlainWater is rendered directly from EPA SDWIS drinking-water data, no number is typed in by an editor. This system's figures are rendered directly from EPA SDWIS data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.